Defensive Driving
Scanning ahead, keeping a space cushion, anticipating other drivers and communicating your intentions so that other road users can predict what you will do.
Defensive Driving quiz
Answer at your own pace. After each question you see the correct answer and why, and at the end a review of what you missed.
The questions could not be loaded. Check your connection and try again.
Defensive Driving questions with answers
-
How far ahead should you normally be looking while driving?
Show answer
Answer D: About 12 to 15 seconds of travel ahead
Looking that far ahead, roughly a block in town and much farther on a highway, gives you time to see a problem developing and adjust before it becomes an emergency.
-
What is meant by keeping a space cushion?
Show answer
Answer C: Keeping open space on all sides of your vehicle so you always have somewhere to go
Open space ahead, behind and to the sides gives you time to react and an escape path when a hazard appears, which is the core idea of defensive driving.
-
A driver is following you far too closely. What is the best response?
Show answer
Answer D: Increase your own following distance and let the driver pass when it is safe
More room ahead of you means you can slow gradually instead of braking hard, which reduces the chance of being struck from behind, and letting the driver by removes the problem entirely.
-
Another driver is behaving aggressively toward you. What should you do?
Show answer
Answer D: Avoid eye contact, give them room to go on their way and do not respond to provocation
Responding to an aggressive driver escalates the conflict, while creating distance and refusing to engage takes you out of the situation. Report serious threats once you can do so safely.
-
In a work zone a flagger is directing traffic in a way that conflicts with the posted signs. Whom do you follow?
Show answer
Answer B: The flagger's directions
A flagger controls traffic through a work area that changes from day to day, and those instructions take precedence over the fixed signs and markings in that zone.
Source: mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov
-
You must slow suddenly on a highway and a vehicle is following close behind you. What helps prevent a rear-end collision?
Show answer
Answer D: Tapping the brake pedal early so your brake lights flash a warning
Early brake light flashes give the driver behind more time to react, and slowing gradually instead of suddenly reduces the chance of being struck.
-
The signal turns green as you approach an intersection. What is the safest practice?
Show answer
Answer B: Look left, then right, then left again, and make sure the intersection is clear before entering
A green light gives permission but does not guarantee the intersection is empty, and a quick scan catches a vehicle running the red or a pedestrian still crossing.
-
How often should you check your mirrors while driving?
Show answer
Answer C: Every few seconds, so you always know what is around you
Traffic behind and beside you changes constantly. Frequent, brief mirror checks keep a picture of your surroundings current so nothing surprises you.
-
You make eye contact with a driver waiting to pull out of a side street. What should you assume?
Show answer
Answer D: The driver may still not have seen you, so stay ready to slow or stop
Drivers can look directly at you and still not register your vehicle, especially a small one. Eye contact helps, but never rely on it.
-
You stop behind another vehicle at a traffic light. How much space should you leave?
Show answer
Answer D: Enough to see where its rear tires touch the pavement
Seeing the rear tires on the road leaves room to steer around the vehicle if it stalls, and gives a cushion if you are struck from behind.
-
You are driving along a street lined with parked cars. What should you watch for?
Show answer
Answer B: Doors opening, vehicles pulling out and pedestrians stepping from between cars
Parked cars hide people and can move without warning. Keep as much space from them as you safely can and cover the brake.
-
You are approaching a traffic light that has been green for a long time. How should you treat it?
Show answer
Answer C: Expect it to change and be ready to stop
A light that has been green for a while is called a stale green light. Cover the brake and decide in advance where you could still stop safely.
-
You are stopped at an intersection where bushes block your view of cross traffic. What should you do?
Show answer
Answer A: Edge forward slowly until you can see, then proceed when clear
Creeping forward a little at a time lets you gain a view without committing to the crossing. Never enter an intersection you cannot see into.
-
Traffic is entering the freeway from a ramp ahead of you and you are in the right lane. What should you do?
Show answer
Answer C: Move to another lane if it is safe, or adjust your speed to make room
Merging drivers may have little room to adjust. Helping them in by changing lanes or easing your speed prevents conflicts even though they must legally yield to you.
-
On a long, straight highway you feel your attention fading. What helps you stay alert?
Show answer
Answer A: Keep your eyes moving, scan mirrors and signs, and take regular breaks
Staring at one point brings on highway hypnosis. Active scanning keeps the mind engaged, and a break every couple of hours restores alertness.
Source: nhtsa.gov
-
What does it mean to cover the brake, and when should you do it?
Show answer
Answer B: Hold your foot over the brake pedal without pressing it when a hazard seems likely
Covering the brake cuts reaction time when you expect trouble, such as near children, parked cars or a vehicle that may pull out. Riding the brake wears it out and confuses drivers behind you.
-
Which clue tells you that a parked vehicle is about to pull into traffic?
Show answer
Answer D: Exhaust smoke, brake lights, front wheels turned out or a driver in the seat
A running engine, lit brake lights, turned wheels or a person behind the wheel all mean the vehicle may move. Slow down and give it room.
-
You are driving on a two-lane road approaching the crest of a hill. Where should you position your vehicle?
Show answer
Answer D: Toward the right side of your lane, in case an oncoming vehicle is over the center line
You cannot see what is beyond a crest, and oncoming drivers sometimes drift across the center. Keeping right and slowing gives you a margin.
-
You are traveling beside another vehicle on a multilane highway at nearly the same speed. Why is this a poor position?
Show answer
Answer B: You may be sitting in that driver's blind spot with nowhere to go if they move over
Driving alongside removes your side escape route and often puts you where the other driver cannot see you. Speed up or drop back to open space beside you.
-
What does it mean to scan the road while driving?
Show answer
Answer A: Moving your eyes constantly over the road, the sides and the mirrors
Scanning keeps information coming in from every direction, while a fixed stare leaves you blind to everything else.
Source: nhtsa.gov
-
What is the benefit of looking far down the road rather than just ahead of the hood?
Show answer
Answer A: You steer with smaller corrections and you see trouble in plenty of time
A distant view steadies your steering and gives you time to plan, because you meet hazards after you have already seen them.
Source: nhtsa.gov
-
You are about to pull out from a stop sign. Which scanning habit is correct?
Show answer
Answer A: Look to the left, then to the right, then to the left again before moving
Traffic from the left reaches you first, and a second look left catches anything that arrived while you were looking right.
Source: nhtsa.gov
-
You are about to slow down sharply for a turn. Which check comes first?
Show answer
Answer A: A look in the mirror to see how close the traffic behind you is
Any hard slowing needs a mirror check first, because the driver behind is the one who has to react to it.
Source: nhtsa.gov
-
Traffic is heavy and a truck is stopped in the lane on your right. How do you keep an out?
Show answer
Answer B: Keep space open ahead of you and avoid being boxed in on both sides at once
Being hemmed in on both sides with no gap ahead removes every option, so keep at least one direction open.
Source: nhtsa.gov
-
Why should you not rest your foot on the brake pedal as you drive?
Show answer
Answer D: The brake lights stay on and the drivers behind cannot read you
Resting on the pedal keeps the brake lights lit and wears the brakes, so following drivers stop believing your brake lights.
Source: nhtsa.gov
-
Another driver cuts you off and you feel your temper rising. What should you do?
Show answer
Answer A: Take a breath, drop back and let it go, because the whole trip matters more
Retaliation turns a moment of bad driving into a crash, and dropping back costs you only a few seconds.
Source: nhtsa.gov
-
An angry driver is following you closely and gesturing at you. What is the safe response?
Show answer
Answer B: Drive to a police station or to a busy public place and call for help
Never stop to confront an aggressive driver and never lead one home; go somewhere public and get the police involved.
Source: nhtsa.gov
-
What should you avoid when a hostile driver pulls alongside you?
Show answer
Answer A: Making eye contact, or answering the gestures in any way at all
Any response, including a look, encourages an aggressive driver, so give none and let the vehicle go.
Source: nhtsa.gov
-
Why is being predictable an important part of driving safely?
Show answer
Answer A: Because other road users are able to plan around what you are doing
Other drivers make their decisions from what they expect you to do, so surprises are what produce collisions.
Source: nhtsa.gov
-
Which of these makes you unpredictable to other drivers?
Show answer
Answer B: Changing lanes suddenly without signaling, to save a moment
An unsignalled, sudden lane change gives nobody time to react and is a common cause of sideswipe collisions.
Source: nhtsa.gov
-
A pedestrian is waiting to cross ahead of you and you have slowed down. What helps most?
Show answer
Answer D: Making eye contact, so that you both know you have seen each other
Eye contact confirms that you have seen each other; waving someone across can send them into the path of another vehicle.
Source: nhtsa.gov
-
A pedestrian steps off the curb without looking your way. What should you assume?
Show answer
Answer B: That the person has not seen you at all, and be ready to stop for them
Defensive driving means assuming you have not been seen until there is clear evidence that you have.
Source: nhtsa.gov
-
What is the what if habit of a defensive driver?
Show answer
Answer C: Thinking through what you would do if a hazard ahead of you turned bad
Rehearsing an answer before the hazard develops means you act at once instead of spending time deciding.
Source: nhtsa.gov
-
The car ahead drifts across the lane line and back again several times. What should you do?
Show answer
Answer C: Assume that the driver is distracted or impaired, and keep well back
Drifting is a classic sign of a distracted, drowsy or impaired driver, and distance is your protection from all three.
Source: nhtsa.gov
-
A driver ahead brakes for no reason you can see, again and again. What should you do?
Show answer
Answer B: Increase your following distance and be ready for yet another stop
Unexplained braking tells you the driver is unsure or distracted, so the safe answer is more room, not less.
Source: nhtsa.gov
-
Why is it worth planning your route before a long drive?
Show answer
Answer B: So that you are not reading a map or a screen while the car is moving
A driver who knows the route is not navigating at the wheel, which is one of the commonest sources of distraction.
Source: nhtsa.gov
-
How should a long trip be broken up to keep the driver alert?
Show answer
Answer D: Stop for a break every couple of hours and share out the driving
Regular breaks and a change of driver are the only reliable answers to fatigue; caffeine only postpones it.
Source: nhtsa.gov
-
What is sensible when you drive in an unfamiliar town for the first time?
Show answer
Answer C: Drive a little slower and give yourself more time to read the signs
In unfamiliar surroundings you need longer to take in signs, junctions and markings, and lower speed buys that time.
Source: nhtsa.gov
-
You are about to drive a rental car that you have never driven before. What should you do?
Show answer
Answer A: Adjust the seat and the mirrors and find the controls before moving off
Hunting for the wipers or the lights in traffic is a distraction, so learn the layout while the vehicle is stopped.
Source: nhtsa.gov
-
The vehicle you have borrowed is larger and heavier than your own. How should you drive it?
Show answer
Answer B: Allow more room for stopping and for turns until you are used to it
Extra weight and length mean longer stopping distances and wider turns, so give yourself more room until you are used to it.
Source: nhtsa.gov
-
Your passengers are being noisy and you are losing concentration. What should you do?
Show answer
Answer B: Ask them to settle down, or pull over safely until they do
The driver is responsible for the conditions inside the vehicle, and stopping is always better than driving distracted.
Source: nhtsa.gov
-
Why do young drivers carrying several friends face a higher crash risk?
Show answer
Answer D: Because young passengers are a strong source of distraction and pressure
Crash risk for new drivers rises with each extra young passenger, mainly through distraction and social pressure.
Source: nhtsa.gov
-
You have just had bad news and you feel very upset. What should you do?
Show answer
Answer B: Wait until you have calmed down, or else let somebody else drive
Strong emotion takes attention away from the road as surely as alcohol or fatigue, so it is a reason not to drive yet.
Source: nhtsa.gov
-
How do strong emotions affect driving?
Show answer
Answer B: They narrow your attention and make risky decisions more likely
Anger, worry and excitement all take attention away from the driving task and push drivers toward decisions they would not normally make.
Source: nhtsa.gov
-
Another driver takes a right of way that was legally yours. What should you do?
Show answer
Answer A: Give way to the other driver and avoid the crash, whatever the law says
Right of way is something you give, not something you take, and being in the right is no protection in a collision.
Source: nhtsa.gov
-
How can you keep space at the sides of your vehicle in heavy traffic?
Show answer
Answer D: Drive in the gaps between the other vehicles rather than beside them
Travelling in the open spaces rather than alongside others keeps a way out open on at least one side.
Source: nhtsa.gov
-
What is the safest way to deal with a vehicle sitting in your blind spot?
Show answer
Answer A: Slow a little or move ahead so that it is no longer beside you
You cannot control the other driver, but you can change your own speed so that the vehicle is no longer hidden beside you.
Source: nhtsa.gov
-
Why is it useful to watch the vehicle two or three places ahead of you?
Show answer
Answer C: You get an earlier warning of slowing traffic than brake lights give
Trouble travels back through a line of traffic, so seeing it start several vehicles ahead gives you a head start on braking.
Source: nhtsa.gov
-
You notice that the driver ahead of you is holding a phone to the ear. What should you do?
Show answer
Answer C: Assume slower reactions and leave extra space, or else hold back
A driver on the phone reacts late and misses things, so the safe response is distance rather than a lesson.
Source: nhtsa.gov
-
The traffic around you is moving well above the limit on a wide highway. What should you do?
Show answer
Answer D: Keep to the limit and stay to the right, letting faster traffic pass
The limit is a legal maximum, and the safe way to differ from the traffic around you is to keep right and let it go by.
Source: nhtsa.gov